How Much Does Pool Service Software Actually Cost Per Month?
Pool service software ranges from free to $500+ per month depending on the platform, your team size, and which features you actually need, with the true cost per pool per month varying from $0.10 to $2.50 across the twelve most popular options. The sticker price on a software website rarely tells the full story once you factor in per-technician fees, payment processing markups, required add-ons, and annual commitment discounts.
This guide breaks down the real pricing for every major pool service software platform as of February 2026. We calculated the total monthly cost at four different business sizes (50, 100, 200, and 500 pools) so you can see exactly what each platform costs for an operation like yours. We also expose the hidden fees that most pricing pages do not mention.
$47 - $387
Monthly cost range for a 3-technician pool company across all platforms analyzed
What Does Each Pool Service Software Platform Charge in 2026?
Pool-specific platforms like Pool Founder, Skimmer, and PoolBrain price between $39-149/month base with varying per-technician or per-location add-ons, while general field service platforms like Jobber and Housecall Pro start at $25-79/month but scale steeply with team size due to per-user tiers. The pricing table below reflects publicly available rates as of February 2026, verified against each vendor's current pricing page.
| Platform | Base Price | Additional Techs | Annual Discount | Free Trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | $49 - $149/mo | Included in plan | Yes (2 months free) | 60-day free trial |
| Skimmer | $49 - $98/mo min (per-location) | $1-3/service location | Contact for details | First month free + 30-day guarantee |
| PoolBrain | $55/tech/mo + $10 admin | Per-technician | Contact for details | 30-day free trial |
| Pool Office Manager | $125/mo first user + $500 activation fee | $25/mo per additional | Contact for details | Free trial |
| PoolCarePRO | $39.95/mo | Included | Contact for details | Yes |
| Jobber | From $29 - $149/mo (annual) | Included in plan tiers | ~15% annually | 14-day trial |
| Housecall Pro | $59 - $329/mo (annual pricing) | $35/mo per tech on MAX | Annual commitment | 14-day trial |
| GorillaDesk | $49-149/mo (Basic/Pro/Growth) | Per-route pricing | Yes (~15%) | Free trial |
| RazorSync | $90 - $300/mo | Tier-based user limits | ~10% annually | 14-day trial |
| Markate | $39.95/mo+ | $5/mo per employee | Limited | 14-day trial |
| FieldPulse | $99/mo (custom quote) | Custom per-user | Contact for details | Demo available |
| ServiceTitan | Custom quote (est. $298 - $500+/mo) | Custom per-tech pricing | Annual contract required | Demo only |
| Service Autopilot | $49 - $310/mo | Tier-based user limits | Annual required on some plans | 14-day trial |
Prices shown are based on publicly available information as of February 2026 and may vary. ServiceTitan and some enterprise plans require custom quotes. Always confirm current pricing directly with vendors before making a decision.
How Do Pool-Specific Platforms Price Differently from General Field Service Tools?
Pool-specific platforms like Skimmer charge per-service-location fees ($1-3/location depending on plan tier) that scale with your customer count, while PoolBrain charges per-technician ($55/tech/month). Pool Founder uses flat-rate tiers ($49/$99/$149) that include all technicians within each plan level. General field service tools like Jobber (from $25-124/month annual) and Housecall Pro ($59-329/month) use tier-based pricing with per-user add-ons. The structural difference matters because pool companies add technicians and customers faster than most service trades, making per-location and per-tech fees disproportionate cost drivers for growing operations.
- Pool-specific platforms: Lower base price, but per-tech fees add up with each hire
- General FSM tools: Higher base price, but some plans include unlimited or higher user counts
- Exception: Pool Founder includes all technicians in each plan tier (Solo: 1, Team: up to 3, Growth: up to 10), avoiding the per-tech trap entirely
- Exception: ServiceTitan uses custom enterprise pricing that makes direct comparison difficult
What Is the True Cost Per Pool Per Month for Each Software?
Cost per pool per month is the single most useful metric for comparing pool service software because it normalizes pricing across different team sizes and plan structures. At 100 pools with 2 technicians, Pool Founder costs $0.99/pool/month on its $99 Team plan while Skimmer costs $2.00/pool (or roughly $200/month) and Jobber costs $1.49/pool/month before add-ons.
The tables below calculate total monthly cost assuming the most common plan tier for each business size, including base subscription plus per-technician fees. We assume 1 technician per 50-60 pools, which is the industry average for weekly service routes.
What Does Pool Software Cost for a 50-Pool Solo Operation?
Solo operators managing 50 pools represent the entry point for professional pool service software, where the total monthly cost ranges from $39.95 to $298+/month with enterprise platforms that are frankly overkill at this size. Every dollar matters when you are grossing $5,000-7,500/month on 50 pools.
| Platform | Plan Used | Monthly Cost (1 Tech) | Cost Per Pool |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | Solo ($49/mo) | $49 | $0.98 |
| Skimmer | Getting Started ($1/loc) | $50 | $1.00 |
| PoolCarePRO | Base plan | $39.95 | $0.80 |
| Jobber | Core (1 user) | From $25 | $0.50+ |
| GorillaDesk | Basic | $49 | $0.98 |
| PoolBrain | 1 tech + admin | $65 | $1.30 |
| Markate | Base plan | $39.95 | $0.80 |
| Housecall Pro | Basic (1 user) | $79 | $1.58 |
| RazorSync | Solo plan | $90 | $1.80 |
| Pool Office Manager | First user | $125 | $2.50 |
| Service Autopilot | Startup | $49 | $0.98 |
| FieldPulse | Custom quote | $99 | $1.98 |
| ServiceTitan | Not recommended | $298+ | $5.96+ |
At 50 pools, Pool Founder's Solo plan ($49/mo) includes every feature with no per-location charges. Skimmer's Getting Started plan ($1/location) costs about $50/month at this size, comparable to Pool Founder — but the Scaling Up plan with more features runs $100/month. Pool Founder offers a 60-day free trial to test before committing.
How Does Pricing Scale at 100 Pools with 2 Technicians?
At 100 pools with 2 technicians, Skimmer's Scaling Up plan ($2/location) reaches $200/month while Pool Founder's Team plan holds at $99/month flat with full invoicing, route optimization, and Stripe payment processing included for both technicians.
| Platform | Plan Used | Monthly Cost (2 Techs) | Cost Per Pool |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | Team ($99/mo) | $99 | $0.99 |
| Skimmer | Scaling Up ($2/loc x 100) | $200 | $2.00 |
| PoolCarePRO | Base plan | $39.95 | $0.40 |
| Jobber | Connect (up to 5 users) | From $83 | $0.83+ |
| GorillaDesk | Base + 1 route | $49 + $50 = $99 | $0.99 |
| Markate | Base + 1 employee | $39.95 + $5 = $44.95 | $0.45 |
| PoolBrain | 2 techs + admin | $120 | $1.20 |
| RazorSync | Team plan | $90+ | $0.90+ |
| Housecall Pro | Essentials | $189 | $1.89 |
| Pool Office Manager | First + 1 additional | $125 + $25 = $150 | $1.50 |
| Service Autopilot | Pro | $119 | $1.19 |
| FieldPulse | Custom quote | $129+ | $1.29+ |
| ServiceTitan | Custom quote | $298+ | $2.98+ |
What Does Each Platform Cost at 200 Pools with 4 Technicians?
Mid-size operations at 200 pools with 4 technicians expose the compounding effect of per-pool and per-user pricing models, where Skimmer reaches $400/month on per-pool pricing and platforms like FieldPulse and ServiceTitan approach $200-350/month, while Pool Founder remains at $149/month flat on the Growth plan for up to 10 technicians.
| Platform | Plan Used | Monthly Cost (4 Techs) | Cost Per Pool |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | Growth ($149/mo) | $149 | $0.75 |
| Skimmer | Scaling Up ($2/loc x 200) | $400 | $2.00 |
| Jobber | Connect (up to 5 users) | From $83 | $0.42+ |
| GorillaDesk | Base + routes | $49 + $150 = $199 | $1.00 |
| Markate | Base + 3 employees | $39.95 + $15 = $54.95 | $0.27 |
| PoolBrain | 4 techs + admin | $230 | $1.15 |
| Pool Office Manager | First + 3 additional | $125 + $75 = $200 | $1.00 |
| RazorSync | Business plan | $160+ | $0.80+ |
| Housecall Pro | Essentials + 2 extra | $189 + $70 = $259 | $1.30 |
| PoolCarePRO | Base plan | $39.95 | $0.20 |
| Service Autopilot | Pro | $199 | $1.00 |
| FieldPulse | Custom quote | $199+ | $1.00+ |
| ServiceTitan | Custom quote | $350+ | $1.75+ |
How Expensive Is Software for a 500-Pool Operation with 8-10 Technicians?
At 500 pools with 8-10 technicians, software costs range from $149/month with Pool Founder's Growth plan to $700+/month for enterprise platforms, creating an annual cost difference of $6,600+ between the most and least expensive options. At this scale, software pricing directly impacts your per-pool profit margin.
| Platform | Plan Used | Monthly Cost (10 Techs) | Cost Per Pool | Annual Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | Growth ($149/mo) | $149 | $0.30 | $1,788 |
| Skimmer | Scaling Up ($2/loc x 500) | $1,000 | $2.00 | $12,000 |
| Jobber | Grow (up to 15 users) | From $124 | $0.25+ | From $1,488 |
| Markate | Base + 9 employees | $39.95 + $45 = $84.95 | $0.17 | $1,019 |
| GorillaDesk | Base + routes | $49 + $450 = $499 | $1.00 | $5,988 |
| PoolBrain | 10 techs + admin | $560 | $1.12 | $6,720 |
| Pool Office Manager | First + 9 additional | $125 + $225 = $350 | $0.70 | $4,200 |
| PoolCarePRO | Base plan | $39.95 | $0.08 | $479 |
| RazorSync | Enterprise | $300 | $0.60 | $3,600 |
| Housecall Pro | MAX (custom) | $339+ | $0.68+ | $4,068+ |
| Service Autopilot | Enterprise | $310 | $0.62 | $3,720 |
| FieldPulse | Custom quote | $399+ | $0.80+ | $4,788+ |
| ServiceTitan | Custom quote | $500-700+ | $1.00-1.40 | $6,000-8,400 |
$7,212
Maximum annual savings by choosing Pool Founder over the most expensive enterprise platform at 500 pools
What Hidden Costs Do Pool Service Software Companies Not Advertise?
Hidden software costs including payment processing markups, required add-on modules, onboarding fees, and integration charges add 20-60% to the advertised subscription price for most platforms. These costs rarely appear on pricing pages and only surface during the sales process or after you have already committed to a contract.
How Much Do Payment Processing Fees Vary Between Platforms?
Payment processing fees range from 2.9% + $0.30 per transaction (industry standard) to 3.5% + $0.30 on platforms that mark up Stripe or Square processing, costing a pool company collecting $20,000/month in customer payments between $610 and $730/month in processing fees alone. That 0.6% markup sounds small until you calculate the annual impact.
| Platform | Processing Rate | Monthly Cost on $20K Revenue | Annual Processing Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | 2.9% + $0.30 | ~$610 | ~$7,320 |
| Skimmer | 2.9% + $0.25 (Stripe) | ~$605 | ~$7,260 |
| Jobber | 2.9% + $0.30 (Jobber Payments) | ~$610 | ~$7,320 |
| Housecall Pro | 2.9% + $0.30 standard | ~$610 | ~$7,320 |
| GorillaDesk | 2.9% + $0.30 | ~$610 | ~$7,320 |
| ServiceTitan | 2.9-3.5% + $0.30 (varies) | ~$610-730 | ~$7,320-8,760 |
| FieldPulse | 2.9% + $0.30 | ~$610 | ~$7,320 |
Some platforms charge ACH/bank transfer fees on top of credit card rates. Ask about ACH pricing if you plan to offer bank draft as a payment option to customers. The difference between 0.5% ACH and 2.9% card processing adds up quickly on recurring monthly billings.
Which Platforms Charge Extra for Essential Features?
Several platforms gate critical features behind higher plan tiers or paid add-ons, including route optimization ($20-50/month extra), advanced reporting ($15-30/month), GPS tracking ($5-10/month per technician), and customer portal access ($20-40/month). These modular pricing strategies make the base plan look affordable while pushing the functional price significantly higher.
| Hidden Cost | Which Platforms Charge Extra | Typical Add-on Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Route optimization | Skimmer (no option), Housecall Pro (higher tier) | $0-50/month or tier upgrade required |
| Advanced reporting | GorillaDesk, RazorSync, Service Autopilot | $15-30/month |
| GPS tracking | Jobber (Connect+ tier), FieldPulse | $5-10/month per tech |
| Customer portal | Some limit to higher tiers | $0-40/month or tier upgrade |
| Onboarding/training | ServiceTitan (mandatory), FieldPulse | $500-2,000 one-time |
| API access | ServiceTitan, Housecall Pro (higher tiers) | Higher tier required |
| QuickBooks integration | Some pool-specific tools charge extra | $0-20/month |
| Multiple office locations | Most platforms charge per location | $30-100/month per location |
How Do Annual vs Monthly Billing Discounts Actually Compare?
Annual billing commitments save 10-20% on most platforms but lock you into a 12-month contract with limited refund policies, meaning a 15% annual discount on a $149/month plan saves $268/year but costs you $1,519 upfront if you discover the platform is a poor fit three months in. The math only works if you are confident the software meets your needs.
| Platform | Monthly Rate | Annual Rate (per month) | Annual Savings | Commitment Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder | $49-149 | $41-127 (est.) | $96-264/year | Low - month-to-month available |
| Skimmer | $29-49 | $25-42 | $48-84/year | Low - flexible cancellation |
| Jobber | $49-249 | $42-212 | $84-444/year | Medium - annual contract |
| Housecall Pro | $49-199 | $42-169 | $84-360/year | Medium - annual commitment |
| GorillaDesk | $49-149 | $42-127 | $84-264/year | Medium - annual contract |
| ServiceTitan | $200-500+ | Required annual | None (annual only) | High - 12-month minimum |
| FieldPulse | $99-199 | $84-169 | $180-360/year | Medium - annual contract |
Always start with monthly billing for the first 2-3 months, even if it costs more. Switching to annual billing after you confirm the platform fits your workflow saves money without the risk of being locked into a tool that does not work for your operation.
How Should You Calculate the Real ROI of Pool Service Software?
Software ROI for pool service companies comes from three measurable sources: time savings on administrative tasks (invoicing, scheduling, communication), revenue captured from eliminated billing errors and missed charges, and route efficiency gains that add service capacity without adding technicians. A platform paying for itself is the minimum bar; the right software should generate 3-5x its cost in operational value.
How Much Administrative Time Does Integrated Software Save?
Pool companies using disconnected tools (Skimmer + QuickBooks + a separate route planner) report spending 8-15 hours per week on administrative tasks that integrated platforms reduce to 2-4 hours. At $30-50/hour for owner or office manager time, that reduction is worth $720-2,200/month in labor value, often exceeding the software cost by 5-10x.
| Administrative Task | Disconnected Tools (hrs/week) | Integrated Platform (hrs/week) | Weekly Savings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Invoice creation | 3-5 hours | 0.5-1 hour (auto-generated) | 2.5-4 hours |
| Payment follow-up | 2-3 hours | 0.5 hour (automated) | 1.5-2.5 hours |
| Route planning | 1-2 hours | 15-30 minutes (optimized) | 0.75-1.5 hours |
| Customer communication | 1-2 hours | 0.5-1 hour (templates) | 0.5-1 hour |
| Data entry / reconciliation | 1-3 hours | 0-0.5 hours (synced) | 1-2.5 hours |
| Total Weekly | 8-15 hours | 2-4 hours | 6-11 hours |
6-11 hrs/week
Administrative time saved by switching from disconnected tools to an integrated pool service platform
How Much Revenue Do Billing Errors and Missed Charges Cost?
Manual billing processes in pool service companies result in 3-5% revenue leakage from missed service charges, forgotten chemical add-ons, and unbilled repair work, costing a $30,000/month operation $900-1,500/month in uncaptured revenue. Automated invoicing from completed service visits eliminates the gap between work performed and work billed.
- Chemical add-ons not billed: $15-50 per occurrence, happening 5-15 times per week across a mid-size operation
- Repair work completed but never invoiced: averages $200-500/month in lost revenue
- Service visits completed but not logged: 1-3% of total visits go unrecorded with manual systems
- Late payment collection: average days-to-pay drops from 28 days to 7 days with automated billing
- Subscription price increases not applied to customer invoices: common with annual rate adjustments
What Is Route Optimization Worth in Dollar Terms?
Algorithm-based route optimization reduces daily drive time by 15-25% for pool service routes, translating to 45-90 minutes saved per technician per day. For a 4-technician operation, that recovery equals 12-24 additional service stops per week, or $1,800-3,600/month in added revenue capacity at $150/pool/month.
| Metric | 4-Tech Operation (Manual Routes) | 4-Tech Operation (Optimized Routes) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg. daily drive time per tech | 2.5 hours | 1.8 hours | -42 min/day |
| Pools serviced per tech per day | 18-20 | 21-24 | +3-4 pools/day |
| Weekly additional capacity | -- | 12-16 pools | +12-16 stops |
| Monthly revenue capacity gained | -- | $1,800-2,400 | +$1,800-2,400 |
| Annual value of optimization | -- | $21,600-28,800 | +$21,600-28,800 |
Which Pool Service Software Delivers the Best Value at Each Price Point?
Value per dollar varies dramatically depending on your team size because flat-rate platforms like Pool Founder become exponentially cheaper per user as you grow, while per-technician models like Skimmer and PoolBrain scale linearly and eventually surpass the cost of enterprise-tier general platforms. The best value at each price point shifts as your business crosses key size thresholds.
What Is the Best Pool Software Under $50/Month?
Pool Founder's $49/month Solo plan delivers the strongest feature set under the $50 threshold, combining chemical logging, invoicing, payment processing, and route optimization that competitors either omit or gate behind higher-priced plans. At this price point, you are choosing between pool-specific depth (Pool Founder, Skimmer) and general business breadth (Jobber Core from $25).
| Platform | Price | Invoicing | Payments | Chemical Logging | Route Optimization |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pool Founder (Solo) | $49 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Skimmer (Getting Started) | $49 min | Yes | Yes (Stripe) | Yes (LSI + Orenda) | Basic |
| Jobber (Core) | From $25 | Yes | Yes | No | Built-in |
| PoolCarePRO | $39.95 | Yes | Yes (Authorize.net) | Yes | Basic |
| Markate (Base) | $39.95 | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| GorillaDesk | $49 | Yes | Yes | Basic | Basic |
What Is the Best Value Between $50 and $150/Month?
Pool Founder's Team ($99/mo) and Growth ($149/mo) plans dominate the $50-150 range by including all technicians within each tier, advanced route optimization, and full business management tools without per-user surcharges. At 200 pools, Skimmer's Scaling Up plan per-location pricing ($400/mo) already exceeds Pool Founder's Growth plan ($149/mo) by nearly 3x. Jobber's Connect plan (from $83/mo annual) is the strongest general-purpose option if you do not need chemical tracking.
- Pool Founder Team ($99/mo): Up to 3 techs, all features, best pool-specific value for small teams
- Pool Founder Growth ($149/mo): Up to 10 techs, all features, best pool-specific value at scale
- Jobber Connect (from $83/mo annual): Up to 5 users, strong invoicing and CRM, zero pool-specific features
- Housecall Pro Essentials ($189/mo): Good for multi-trade, but per-tech fees add up quickly beyond included users
- Pool Office Manager ($125/mo): Pool-specific basics, but limited advanced features and higher starting price than expected
When Does Enterprise Pricing Make Financial Sense?
Enterprise platforms like ServiceTitan ($200-500+/month) only justify their cost for pool companies exceeding $1.5M in annual revenue with dedicated sales teams, installation divisions, and complex commission structures that simpler tools cannot manage. If your business is primarily recurring weekly service routes, enterprise pricing represents a 3-5x overspend compared to pool-specific platforms.
Rule of thumb: If more than 50% of your revenue comes from weekly pool maintenance routes (not installs or renovations), you will get better ROI from a pool-specific platform than an enterprise field service tool, regardless of your company size.
What Is the Smartest Way to Choose Pool Service Software Based on Price?
The smartest pricing decision starts with calculating your total monthly software spend today (including all bolt-on tools), comparing it to the all-in cost of an integrated platform, and then factoring the labor savings and revenue recovery that offset the subscription price. Most pool companies switching to Pool Founder from a Skimmer + QuickBooks + route tool stack reduce their total software spend by 30-50% while gaining features they were missing entirely.
- 1List every software tool you currently pay for that touches pool service operations
- 2Add up the total monthly cost including per-user fees, add-ons, and payment processing markups
- 3Calculate the hours per week your team spends on manual data entry between disconnected tools
- 4Estimate revenue leakage from missed charges, unbilled chemical add-ons, and late payments
- 5Compare your current total cost against the all-in price of 2-3 integrated platforms
- 6Trial your top 2 picks for at least one full service week before committing annually
| Current Stack Example | Monthly Cost | Pool Founder Replacement | Monthly Savings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skimmer (100 pools) + QuickBooks + Route tool | $200 + $30 + $40 = $270 | Pool Founder Solo ($49) | $221/month |
| Skimmer (200 pools) + QuickBooks | $400 + $30 = $430 | Pool Founder Team ($99) | $331/month |
| Skimmer (300 pools) + QuickBooks + Route tool | $600 + $80 + $40 = $720 | Pool Founder Growth ($149) | $571/month |
| Jobber Connect + Chemical tracking app | From $83 + $20 = $103 | Pool Founder Team ($99) | $4+/month |
$1,140 - $2,580
Estimated annual software savings for a 3-6 technician operation switching from a disconnected tool stack to Pool Founder
Start with Pool Founder's 60-day free trial to test the platform with your actual customer data and route structure. There is no financial risk and no credit card required upfront. The trial gives you full access to all features so you can evaluate the platform under real working conditions.
Ready to streamline your pool service business?
Pool Founder gives you route optimization, automated invoicing, chemical tracking, and everything else you need to run a more profitable pool business.
Try Pool Founder free for 60 daysFrequently Asked Questions
Why is pool service software priced so differently from company to company?
Pool service software uses three fundamentally different pricing models: per-service-location (Skimmer at $1-3/location/month depending on plan tier), per-technician (PoolBrain at $55/tech/month), tier-based with user limits (Jobber, Housecall Pro), and flat-rate tiers (Pool Founder at $49/$99/$149). These models create vastly different cost curves as your team and customer base grow. Per-location pricing is comparable for very small operations but becomes the most expensive model as your location count increases.
Is free pool service software actually usable for a real business?
Pool Founder offers a 60-day free trial that gives you full access to all features, letting you test with real customer data and real routes before committing. Most other platforms offer 14-30 day trials. For a real business test, sign up and run your actual routes for at least a full week before deciding. No major pool service platform offers a permanent free tier — free trials are the best way to test without commitment.
Should I pay annually or monthly for pool service software?
Start monthly for the first 2-3 months while you confirm the platform fits your workflow. Annual billing saves 10-20% but locks you into a 12-month commitment. If your trial goes well and the platform meets your needs after a full busy season, switch to annual billing at renewal. Never commit annually during a free trial or in the first month of use.
How much should a pool company budget for software per month?
Most pool service companies should budget 1-2% of gross monthly revenue for software. A company grossing $20,000/month can justify $200-400/month across all tools. With an integrated platform like Pool Founder ($49-$149/month depending on team size), you stay well under that threshold while eliminating the need for separate invoicing, payment, and route tools that would push total spend higher.
Do any pool service software companies charge per pool?
Yes — Skimmer charges per service location ($1/location on Getting Started, $2/location on Scaling Up, $3/location on Enterprise plans, with minimums of $49, $98, and custom respectively). This means a 200-pool company on the Scaling Up plan pays $400/month. Pool Founder's flat-rate pricing ($49/$99/$149 depending on team size) means your per-pool cost decreases as you add more pools, which is the most favorable model for growing companies.
What is the total cost of switching pool service software?
The direct cost of switching is typically $0-500, covering data migration time (2-4 hours of admin work), parallel operation during transition (1-2 weeks of dual subscriptions), and any onboarding fees the new platform charges. The indirect cost is 1-3 days of reduced technician productivity as your team learns the new app. Most platforms offer free migration assistance that reduces the admin burden significantly.